Monday, January 26, 2009

Joseph Addison  Neoclassical
Richard Steele 

Info
- transformed journalism into serious literature <==both men
Works
- The Tatler
- exagerration
- deplores decline of drama from intellectual satire to mere physical spectacle and the degeneration of coffeehouse conversation from literary discussion to gamblers' arguments
-predicts death of popular astrologer

- The Spectator
- pleasantly announced author's intent to satirize evil wherever it is found

Citation
Horton, Ronald A. British Literature for Christian Schools. Greenville, SC: Bob Jones University Press, 1992.
bonus points

have a parent subscribe to your blog and respond to one post, then see mrs. baniaga

:)

Thursday, January 22, 2009

James Thomson  Neoclassical

Info
- Scottish poet and playwright (dramatic writer/dramatist)
- set apart from Robert Burns
Works

Winter
- brought notice he sought
- speaks especially to the Christian, who sees his Creator's work in the tempest as well as in the calm orderliness of the physical world

Summer; Spring; Autumn

The Seasons
- pointed new directions for English poetry
- signaled demand for poems of natural description and sentimental reflection
- readers ready for alternative to heroic couplet
- forerunners of 19th-century romantic practice
- neoclassical didacticism - tends to move from description to moralization

Terms
- heroic couplet
- blank verse - unrhymed iambic pentameter
- epic - long, stylized narrative poem celebrating deeds of a national or ethnic hero
- poetic diction
- personification - giving human characteristics to nonhuman objects
- apostrophe - addressing an inanimate/absent object as if it were able to reply
- periphrases - roundabout, more elegant designation of something common
- didacticism - instruction in literature

Citation
Horton, Ronald A. British Literature for Christian Schools. Greenville, SC: Bob Jones University Press, 1992.
John Dryden Neoclassical

Info
- first of the moderns
- field preacher
- both poetry and prose
- versatility
- envisaged new age of reasonableness and scientific progress
- poet laureate and historiographer
- satirical poetry made him politically respected and feared
- claim to greatness rests upon his versatility
- civilized literary language; established heroic couplet as dominant verse form
- art of rational control

Works
- "Of Satire" - be careful of what you say
- Absalom and Achitophel - allegorical satire attacking the Whigs
- The Medal
- Mac Flecknoe
- Religio Laici - defended Anglicanism against deism and Roman Catholicism
- The Hind and the Panther
- Fables Ancient and Modern
- "To My Honored Friend, Dr. Charleton"

Terms
- poet laureate - the official poet of a nation or region
- occasional verse - poetry written to enhance or make memorable a particular occasion, normally public and contemporary
- heroic couplets - couplets of iambic pentameter
- satirical poetry - corrective ridicule
- allegorical - literal and implied level of meaning
- poetic diction - artificially selected and refined language once considered essential to poetic expression; heavy use of personification, apostrophe, and periphrasis
- epigram - short, highly compressed poem making a wise or humorous point

Citation
Horton, Ronald A. British Literature for Christian Schools. Greenville, SC: Bob Jones University Press, 1992.

Reasons for My Presentation Tips

1. Keep it simple and concise.  Do not waste your audience's time.
As the saying goes, "Time is money."  But, unlike money, time is irreplaceable.  Plus, conciseness is more powerful than wordiness.

2. Project your voice.  Speak to the person farthest away from you.
I know that I'm soft-spoken, but I often fail to realize how quiet my voice is, so this tip is especially important for me.  My audience is less likely to gain anything useful from my presentation if they can't hear me.

3. Do not read from your notes.  Occasionally glance at them if you need to.
This is important in establishing credibility with your audience.  The more you know without referring back to your notes, the more professional you'll come across as.  Thus, adequate preparation is vital.  However, as evidenced by my two presentations, I am a hypocrite regarding this tip.

4. Use appropriate body language.  Keep hand gestures and facial expressions natural.
Movement is more stimulating to the eye than stillness is.  Good posture is important too, for both your presence and your health.

5. Maintain eye contact with your audience.  Keep them involved and engaged.
The presentation is for the audience, so give it to them, not to your notes or to the Powerpoint slides.  Otherwise, you will appear uninterested in your audience.

6. Mind your manners.  Be professional, polite, courteous, cool, and collected.
This tip is important for the presenter's reputation.  An audience will be both more responsive and more open to a well-mannered presenter than to one who insults them.

7. Be enthusiastic.  Have fun with your presentation!  Your passion will be both contagious and an automatic confidence booster.
Don't you get excited just thinking about your favorite hobby?  You know its good points and can articulate them to other people.  If you can demonstrate the same degree of enthusiasm for your presentation by finding the silver lining on the presentation cloud, both you and your audience will be more relaxed (as long as you aren't overbearing).

8. Focus on your audience's needs.  Don't just talk about yourself; talk about what you can do for your audience.
Your audience will be more likely to listen to you if you can show them how your information will benefit them.  Stay away from narcissism.

9. Think like a boy scout: Be prepared for anything!  Come early to set up in case problems come up.
The projector stops functioning; your laptop battery dies; or a computer virus erases your Powerpoint file.  Many things can go wrong, so be prepared enough to give your presentation without any props.  This will not only thoroughly prepare you, but your forethought will also impress your audience in the event that something does fall through.

10. Confidence!  Know your material and be prepared.  Your confidence will give an automatic impression of credibility.
The more I know about a given subject, the less nervous I am.  The resulting confidence evokes a sense of credibility since I know what I am talking about.

Wednesday, January 21, 2009

Robert Burns Neoclassical

Info
- Scottish heaven-taught plowman
- untaught poetic genius needed to vindicate romantic faith
- superb lyricist-perhaps the greatest in English-in all his rustic trappings
- Scottish dialect - Ayrshire
- Spenserian stanza - partly in dialectical Scots and partly in literary English, unites separate traditions-English and Scottish, literary and popular, etc-from which he drew
- 18th-century Scottish literary nationalism
- great master of 18th-century satire in English and of such conventional forms such as the ode and the verse epistle
- stands in front rank of poets who have expressed with simplicity the common feelings of mankind
- poems inlaid with epigrammatic moralism

Works
- "A Red, Red Rose" - hyperbole
- Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect - one of most remarkable first volumes of verse ever published
- "The Holy Fair"; "Holy Willie's Prayer" - satirized community orthodoxy
- "To a Mouse"; "To a Louse" - sympathy for downtrodden and scorn for mighty
- "A Cotter's Saturday Night"
- The Scots Musical Museum and a Select Collection of Scottish Airs

Terms
- Spenserian stanza - 9-line stanza rhyming ababbcbcc with eight iambic pentameter lines followed by a line of iambic hexameter
- ode - long, highly stylized lyric poem written in complex stanza on serious theme and often for specific occasion
- verse epistle - poem, usually of high seriousness, takes form of address to friend

Citation
Horton, Ronald A. British Literature for Christian Schools. Greeville, SC: Bob Jones University, 1992.
William Cowper  Neoclassical

Info
- mentally unstable
- poetry marks passing of neoclassicism among major English poets
- produced some of most richly sensitive verse to appear between eras of Pope and Wordsworth, including three of our most beautiful hymns
- insanity turned him into serious poet whose poems have stirred generations to Christian praise and reflection
- poems combine neoclassical moralism with romantic delight in a rural landscape
- although tormented by fears and sorrows, was wonderfully supplied by God with spiritual advisors, caring friends, and wise spiritual counsel
- didn't draw fully from spiritual resources
- spiritual life was not one of constant defeat

Works
- The Task and Other Poems - greatest poem; major link between James Thomson and romantics
- Olney Hymns
- Poems by William Cowper of the Inner Temple, Esq.
- "The Diverting History of John Gilpin" - comical ballad

Terms
- neoclassicism
- ballad - a short, simple narrative song
- common meter - a variation of ballad stanza (the first and third lines usually rhyme) prevalent among hymns
- ballad stanza - four iambic lines, of which the first and third have four stresses and the second and fourth have three stresses and rhyme

Citation
Horton, Ronald A. British Literature for Christian Schools. Greenville, SC: Bob Jones University Press, 1992.